Pico W Support (#137)

* Refactor code to support Pico W board

* Updates for Pico W support

* Update based on changes in CircuitPython v8.0.0 beta 6

* Updated bundle download to 8.x, fixed a few typos

* Updating documentation for web interface

* Update support for CircuitPython 8.0.0, fix many bugs

* Document multiple payload options

* Update copyright dates

* Fixed typo

README.md

@@ -22,13 +22,14 @@ Install and have your USB Rubber Ducky working in less than 5 minutes.
 
 1. Clone the repo to get a local copy of the files. `git clone https://github.com/dbisu/pico-ducky.git`
 
-2. Download [CircuitPython for the Raspberry Pi Pico](https://circuitpython.org/board/raspberry_pi_pico/). *Updated to 7.0.0
+2. Download [CircuitPython for the Raspberry Pi Pico](https://circuitpython.org/board/raspberry_pi_pico/). *Updated to 8.0.0  
+   Download [CircuitPython for the Raspberry Pi Pico W](https://circuitpython.org/board/raspberry_pi_pico_w/). *Updated to 8.0.0
 
 3. Plug the device into a USB port while holding the boot button. It will show up as a removable media device named `RPI-RP2`.
 
 4. Copy the downloaded `.uf2` file to the root of the Pico (`RPI-RP2`). The device will reboot and after a second or so, it will reconnect as `CIRCUITPY`.
 
-5. Download `adafruit-circuitpython-bundle-7.x-mpy-YYYYMMDD.zip` [here](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_Bundle/releases/latest) and extract it outside the device.
+5. Download `adafruit-circuitpython-bundle-8.x-mpy-YYYYMMDD.zip` [here](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_Bundle/releases/latest) and extract it outside the device.
 
 6. Navigate to `lib` in the recently extracted folder and copy `adafruit_hid` to the `lib` folder on your Raspberry Pi Pico.
 
@@ -36,35 +37,67 @@ Install and have your USB Rubber Ducky working in less than 5 minutes.
 
 8. Copy `asyncio` to the `lib` folder on your Pico.
 
-9. Copy `boot.py` from your clone to the root of your Pico.
+9. Copy `adafruit_wsgi` to the `lib` folder on your Pico.
 
-10. Copy `duckyinpython.py` as `code.py` in the root of the Raspberry Pi Pico, overwriting the previous file.  
+10. Copy `boot.py` from your clone to the root of your Pico.
-     Linux: `cp duckyinpython.py </path/to/pico/code.py`
 
-11. Find a script [here](https://github.com/hak5/usbrubberducky-payloads) or [create your own one using Ducky Script](https://docs.hak5.org/hak5-usb-rubber-ducky/duckyscript-tm-quick-reference) and save it as `payload.dd` in the Pico.
+11. Copy `duckyinpython.py`, `code.py`, `webapp.py`, `wsgiserver.py` to the root folder of the Pico.
 
-12. Be careful, if your device isn't in [setup mode](#setup-mode), the device will reboot and after half a second, the script will run.
+12. Find a script [here](https://github.com/hak5/usbrubberducky-payloads) or [create your own one using Ducky Script](https://docs.hak5.org/hak5-usb-rubber-ducky/ducky-script-basics/hello-world) and save it as `payload.dd` in the Pico. Currently, pico-ducky only supports DuckScript 1.0, not 3.0.
+
+13. Be careful, if your device isn't in [setup mode](#setup-mode), the device will reboot and after half a second, the script will run.
+
+14. **Please note:** by default Pico W will not show as a USB drive
+
+### Pico W Web Service
+The Pico W AP defaults to ip address `192.168.4.1`.  You should be able to find the webservice at `http://192.168.4.1:80`  
+
+The following endpoints are available on the webservice:
+```
+/
+/new
+/ducky
+/edit/<filename>
+/write/<filename>
+/run/<filename>
+```
+
+API endpoints
+```
+/api/run/<filenumber>
+```
 
 ### Setup mode
 
 To edit the payload, enter setup mode by connecting the pin 1 (`GP0`) to pin 3 (`GND`), this will stop the pico-ducky from injecting the payload in your own machine.
-The easiest way to so is by using a jumper wire between those pins as seen bellow.
+The easiest way to do so is by using a jumper wire between those pins as seen bellow.
 
 ![Setup mode with a jumper](images/setup-mode.png)
 
 ### USB enable/disable mode
 
 If you need the pico-ducky to not show up as a USB mass storage device for stealth, follow these instructions.  
-Enter setup mode.    
+- Enter setup mode.    
-Copy your payload script to the pico-ducky.  
+- Copy your payload script to the pico-ducky.  
-Disconnect the pico from your host PC.
+- Disconnect the pico from your host PC.
-Connect a jumper wire between pin 18 (`GND`) and pin 20 (`GPIO15`).  
+- Connect a jumper wire between pin 18 (`GND`) and pin 20 (`GPIO15`).  
 This will prevent the pico-ducky from showing up as a USB drive when plugged into the target computer.  
-Remove the jumper and reconnect to your PC to reprogram.
+- Remove the jumper and reconnect to your PC to reprogram.  
-The default mode is USB mass storage enabled.   
+
+Pico: The default mode is USB mass storage enabled.   
+Pico W: The default mode is USB mass storage **disabled**  
 
 ![USB enable/disable mode](images/usb-boot-mode.png)
 
+### Multiple payloads
+
+Multiple payloads can be stored on the Pico and Pico W.  
+To select a payload, ground one of these pins:
+- GP4 - payload.dd
+- GP5 - payload2.dd
+- GP10 - payload3.dd
+- GP11 - payload4.dd
+
 ### Changing Keyboard Layouts
 
 Copied from [Neradoc/Circuitpython_Keyboard_Layouts](https://github.com/Neradoc/Circuitpython_Keyboard_Layouts/blob/main/PICODUCKY.md)  

boot.py

@@ -1,13 +1,38 @@
+# License : GPLv2.0
+# copyright (c) 2023  Dave Bailey
+# Author: Dave Bailey (dbisu, @daveisu)
+# Pico and Pico W board support
+
 from board import *
+import board
 import digitalio
 import storage
 
-noStorageStatus = False
+noStorage = False
 noStoragePin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(GP15)
 noStoragePin.switch_to_input(pull=digitalio.Pull.UP)
-noStorageStatus = not noStoragePin.value
+noStorageStatus = noStoragePin.value
 
-if(noStorageStatus == True):
+# If GP15 is not connected, it will default to being pulled high (True)
+# If GP is connected to GND, it will be low (False)
+
+# Pico:
+#   GP15 not connected == USB visible
+#   GP15 connected to GND == USB not visible
+
+# Pico W:
+#   GP15 not connected == USB NOT visible
+#   GP15 connected to GND == USB visible
+
+if(board.board_id == 'raspberry_pi_pico'):
+    # On Pi Pico, default to USB visible
+    noStorage = not noStorageStatus
+elif(board.board_id == 'raspberry_pi_pico_w'):
+    # on Pi Pico W, default to USB hidden by default
+    # so webapp can access storage
+    noStorage = noStorageStatus
+
+if(noStorage == True):
     # don't show USB drive to host PC
     storage.disable_usb_drive()
     print("Disabling USB drive")

code.py

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# License : GPLv2.0
+# copyright (c) 2023  Dave Bailey
+# Author: Dave Bailey (dbisu, @daveisu)
+# Pico and Pico W board support
+
+
+import usb_hid
+from adafruit_hid.keyboard import Keyboard
+
+# comment out these lines for non_US keyboards
+from adafruit_hid.keyboard_layout_us import KeyboardLayoutUS as KeyboardLayout
+from adafruit_hid.keycode import Keycode
+
+# uncomment these lines for non_US keyboards
+# replace LANG with appropriate language
+#from keyboard_layout_win_LANG import KeyboardLayout
+#from keycode_win_LANG import Keycode
+
+import supervisor
+
+
+import time
+import digitalio
+from board import *
+import board
+from duckyinpython import *
+if(board.board_id == 'raspberry_pi_pico_w'):
+    import wifi
+    from webapp import *
+
+
+# sleep at the start to allow the device to be recognized by the host computer
+time.sleep(.5)
+
+def startWiFi():
+    import ipaddress
+    # Get wifi details and more from a secrets.py file
+    try:
+        from secrets import secrets
+    except ImportError:
+        print("WiFi secrets are kept in secrets.py, please add them there!")
+        raise
+
+    print("Connect wifi")
+    #wifi.radio.connect(secrets['ssid'],secrets['password'])
+    wifi.radio.start_ap(secrets['ssid'],secrets['password'])
+
+    HOST = repr(wifi.radio.ipv4_address_ap)
+    PORT = 80        # Port to listen on
+    print(HOST,PORT)
+
+# turn off automatically reloading when files are written to the pico
+#supervisor.disable_autoreload()
+supervisor.runtime.autoreload = False
+
+if(board.board_id == 'raspberry_pi_pico'):
+    led = pwmio.PWMOut(board.LED, frequency=5000, duty_cycle=0)
+elif(board.board_id == 'raspberry_pi_pico_w'):
+    led = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.LED)
+    led.switch_to_output()
+
+
+progStatus = False
+progStatus = getProgrammingStatus()
+print("progStatus", progStatus)
+if(progStatus == False):
+    print("Finding payload")
+    # not in setup mode, inject the payload
+    payload = selectPayload()
+    print("Running ", payload)
+    runScript(payload)
+
+    print("Done")
+else:
+    print("Update your payload")
+
+led_state = False
+
+async def main_loop():
+    global led,button1
+
+    button_task = asyncio.create_task(monitor_buttons(button1))
+    if(board.board_id == 'raspberry_pi_pico_w'):
+        pico_led_task = asyncio.create_task(blink_pico_w_led(led))
+        print("Starting Wifi")
+        startWiFi()
+        print("Starting Web Service")
+        webservice_task = asyncio.create_task(startWebService())
+        await asyncio.gather(pico_led_task, button_task, webservice_task)
+    else:
+        pico_led_task = asyncio.create_task(blink_pico_led(led))
+        await asyncio.gather(pico_led_task, button_task)
+
+asyncio.run(main_loop())

duckyinpython.py

@@ -1,7 +1,16 @@
 # License : GPLv2.0
-# copyright (c) 2021  Dave Bailey
+# copyright (c) 2023  Dave Bailey
 # Author: Dave Bailey (dbisu, @daveisu)
 
+
+import time
+import digitalio
+from digitalio import DigitalInOut, Pull
+from adafruit_debouncer import Debouncer
+import board
+from board import *
+import pwmio
+import asyncio
 import usb_hid
 from adafruit_hid.keyboard import Keyboard
 
@@ -14,34 +23,6 @@ from adafruit_hid.keycode import Keycode
 #from keyboard_layout_win_LANG import KeyboardLayout
 #from keycode_win_LANG import Keycode
 
-import supervisor
-
-import time
-import digitalio
-from digitalio import DigitalInOut, Pull
-from adafruit_debouncer import Debouncer
-from board import *
-import pwmio
-import asyncio
-
-led = pwmio.PWMOut(LED, frequency=5000, duty_cycle=0)
-
-def led_pwm_up(led):
-    for i in range(100):
-        # PWM LED up and down
-        if i < 50:
-            led.duty_cycle = int(i * 2 * 65535 / 100)  # Up
-        time.sleep(0.01)
-def led_pwm_down(led):
-    for i in range(100):
-        # PWM LED up and down
-        if i >= 50:
-            led.duty_cycle = 65535 - int((i - 50) * 2 * 65535 / 100)  # Down
-        time.sleep(0.01)
-
-# led = digitalio.DigitalInOut(LED)
-# led.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
-
 duckyCommands = {
     'WINDOWS': Keycode.WINDOWS, 'GUI': Keycode.GUI,
     'APP': Keycode.APPLICATION, 'MENU': Keycode.APPLICATION, 'SHIFT': Keycode.SHIFT,
@@ -123,13 +104,8 @@ def parseLine(line):
 kbd = Keyboard(usb_hid.devices)
 layout = KeyboardLayout(kbd)
 
-# turn off automatically reloading when files are written to the pico
-supervisor.disable_autoreload()
 
-# sleep at the start to allow the device to be recognized by the host computer
-time.sleep(.5)
 
-led_pwm_up(led)
 
 #init button
 button1_pin = DigitalInOut(GP22) # defaults to input
@@ -191,7 +167,6 @@ def selectPayload():
     payload3State = not payload3Pin.value
     payload4State = not payload4Pin.value
 
-
     if(payload1State == True):
         payload = "payload.dd"
 
@@ -209,9 +184,14 @@ def selectPayload():
         # default to payload1
         payload = "payload.dd"
 
-
     return payload
 
+async def blink_led(led):
+    print("Blink")
+    if(board.board_id == 'raspberry_pi_pico'):
+        blink_pico_led(led)
+    elif(board.board_id == 'raspberry_pi_pico_w'):
+        blink_pico_w_led(led)
 
 async def blink_pico_led(led):
     print("starting blink_pico_led")
@@ -219,7 +199,7 @@ async def blink_pico_led(led):
     while True:
         if led_state:
             #led_pwm_up(led)
-            print("led up")
+            #print("led up")
             for i in range(100):
                 # PWM LED up and down
                 if i < 50:
@@ -228,7 +208,7 @@ async def blink_pico_led(led):
             led_state = False
         else:
             #led_pwm_down(led)
-            print("led down")
+            #print("led down")
             for i in range(100):
                 # PWM LED up and down
                 if i >= 50:
@@ -237,6 +217,22 @@ async def blink_pico_led(led):
             led_state = True
         await asyncio.sleep(0)
 
+async def blink_pico_w_led(led):
+    print("starting blink_pico_w_led")
+    led_state = False
+    while True:
+        if led_state:
+            #print("led on")
+            led.value = 1
+            await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+            led_state = False
+        else:
+            #print("led off")
+            led.value = 0
+            await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+            led_state = True
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+
 async def monitor_buttons(button1):
     global inBlinkeyMode, inMenu, enableRandomBeep, enableSirenMode,pixel
     print("starting monitor_buttons")
@@ -266,28 +262,3 @@ async def monitor_buttons(button1):
             button1Down = False
 
         await asyncio.sleep(0)
-
-
-
-progStatus = False
-progStatus = getProgrammingStatus()
-
-if(progStatus == False):
-    # not in setup mode, inject the payload
-    payload = selectPayload()
-    print("Running ", payload)
-    runScript(payload)
-
-    print("Done")
-else:
-    print("Update your payload")
-
-led_state = False
-
-async def main_loop():
-    global led,button1
-    pico_led_task = asyncio.create_task(blink_pico_led(led))
-    button_task = asyncio.create_task(monitor_buttons(button1))
-    await asyncio.gather(pico_led_task, button_task)
-
-asyncio.run(main_loop())

webapp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+# License : GPLv2.0
+# copyright (c) 2023  Dave Bailey
+# Author: Dave Bailey (dbisu, @daveisu)
+# FeatherS2 board support
+
+import socketpool
+import time
+import os
+import storage
+
+import wsgiserver as server
+from adafruit_wsgi.wsgi_app import WSGIApp
+import wifi
+
+from duckyinpython import *
+
+payload_html = """<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+    <head> <title>Pico W Ducky</title> </head>
+    <body> <h1>Pico W Ducky</h1>
+        <table border="1"> <tr><th>Payload</th><th>Actions</th></tr> {} </table>
+        <br>
+        <a href="/new">New Script</a>
+    </body>
+</html>
+"""
+
+edit_html = """<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>Script Editor</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <form action="/write/{}" method="POST">
+      <textarea rows="5" cols="60" name="scriptData">{}</textarea>
+      <br/>
+      <input type="submit" value="submit"/>
+    </form>
+    <br>
+    <a href="/ducky">Home</a>
+  </body>
+</html>
+"""
+
+new_html = """<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>New Script</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <form action="/new" method="POST">
+      Script Name<br>
+      <textarea rows="1" cols="60" name="scriptName"></textarea>
+      Script<br>
+      <textarea rows="5" cols="60" name="scriptData"></textarea>
+      <br/>
+      <input type="submit" value="submit"/>
+    </form>
+    <br>
+    <a href="/ducky">Home</a>
+  </body>
+</html>
+"""
+
+response_html = """<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+    <head> <title>Pico W Ducky</title> </head>
+    <body> <h1>Pico W Ducky</h1>
+        {}
+        <br>
+        <a href="/ducky">Home</a>
+    </body>
+</html>
+"""
+
+newrow_html = "<tr><td>{}</td><td><a href='/edit/{}'>Edit</a> / <a href='/run/{}'>Run</a></tr>"
+
+def setPayload(payload_number):
+    if(payload_number == 1):
+        payload = "payload.dd"
+
+    else:
+        payload = "payload"+str(payload_number)+".dd"
+
+    return(payload)
+
+
+def ducky_main(request):
+    print("Ducky main")
+    payloads = []
+    rows = ""
+    files = os.listdir()
+    #print(files)
+    for f in files:
+        if ('.dd' in f) == True:
+            payloads.append(f)
+            newrow = newrow_html.format(f,f,f)
+            #print(newrow)
+            rows = rows + newrow
+
+    response = payload_html.format(rows)
+
+    return(response)
+
+def cleanup_text(buffer):
+    return_buffer = buffer.replace('+', ' ').replace('%0D%0A', '\n') + '\n'
+    #print(return_buffer)
+    return(return_buffer)
+
+web_app = WSGIApp()
+
+@web_app.route("/ducky")
+def duck_main(request):
+    response = ducky_main(request)
+    return("200 OK", [('Content-Type', 'text/html')], response)
+
+@web_app.route("/edit/<filename>")
+def edit(request, filename):
+    print("Editing ", filename)
+    f = open(filename,"r",encoding='utf-8')
+    textbuffer = ''
+    for line in f:
+        textbuffer = textbuffer + line
+    f.close()
+    response = edit_html.format(filename,textbuffer)
+    #print(response)
+
+    return("200 OK",[('Content-Type', 'text/html')], response)
+
+@web_app.route("/write/<filename>",methods=["POST"])
+def write_script(request, filename):
+
+    data = request.body.getvalue()
+    fields = data.split("&")
+    form_data = {}
+    for field in fields:
+        key,value = field.split('=')
+        form_data[key] = value
+
+    #print(form_data)
+    storage.remount("/",readonly=False)
+    f = open(filename,"w",encoding='utf-8')
+    textbuffer = form_data['scriptData']
+    textbuffer = cleanup_text(textbuffer)
+    #print(textbuffer)
+    for line in textbuffer:
+        f.write(line)
+    f.close()
+    storage.remount("/",readonly=True)
+    response = response_html.format("Wrote script " + filename)
+    return("200 OK",[('Content-Type', 'text/html')], response)
+
+@web_app.route("/new",methods=['GET','POST'])
+def write_new_script(request):
+    response = ''
+    if(request.method == 'GET'):
+        response = new_html
+    else:
+        data = request.body.getvalue()
+        fields = data.split("&")
+        form_data = {}
+        for field in fields:
+            key,value = field.split('=')
+            form_data[key] = value
+        #print(form_data)
+        filename = form_data['scriptName']
+        textbuffer = form_data['scriptData']
+        textbuffer = cleanup_text(textbuffer)
+        storage.remount("/",readonly=False)
+        f = open(filename,"w",encoding='utf-8')
+        for line in textbuffer:
+            f.write(line)
+        f.close()
+        storage.remount("/",readonly=True)
+        response = response_html.format("Wrote script " + filename)
+    return("200 OK",[('Content-Type', 'text/html')], response)
+
+@web_app.route("/run/<filename>")
+def run_script(request, filename):
+    print("run_script ", filename)
+    response = response_html.format("Running script " + filename)
+    #print(response)
+    runScript(filename)
+    return("200 OK",[('Content-Type', 'text/html')], response)
+
+@web_app.route("/")
+def index(request):
+    response = ducky_main(request)
+    return("200 OK", [('Content-Type', 'text/html')], response)
+
+@web_app.route("/api/run/<filenumber>")
+def run_script(request, filenumber):
+    filename = setPayload(int(filenumber))
+    print("run_script ", filenumber)
+    response = response_html.format("Running script " + filename)
+    #print(response)
+    runScript(filename)
+    return("200 OK",[('Content-Type', 'text/html')], response)
+
+async def startWebService():
+
+    HOST = repr(wifi.radio.ipv4_address_ap)
+    PORT = 80        # Port to listen on
+    print(HOST,PORT)
+
+    wsgiServer = server.WSGIServer(80, application=web_app)
+
+    print(f"open this IP in your browser: http://{HOST}:{PORT}/")
+
+    # Start the server
+    wsgiServer.start()
+    while True:
+        wsgiServer.update_poll()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)

wsgiserver.py

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2019 Matt Costi for Adafruit Industries
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+"""
+`adafruit_esp32spi_wsgiserver`
+================================================================================
+
+A simple WSGI (Web Server Gateway Interface) server that interfaces with the ESP32 over SPI.
+Opens a specified port on the ESP32 to listen for incoming HTTP Requests and
+Accepts an Application object that must be callable, which gets called
+whenever a new HTTP Request has been received.
+
+The Application MUST accept 2 ordered parameters:
+    1. environ object (incoming request data)
+    2. start_response function. Must be called before the Application
+        callable returns, in order to set the response status and headers.
+
+The Application MUST return a single string in a list,
+which is the response data
+
+Requires update_poll being called in the applications main event loop.
+
+For more details about Python WSGI see:
+https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0333/
+
+* Author(s): Matt Costi
+"""
+# pylint: disable=no-name-in-module
+
+import io
+import gc
+from micropython import const
+import socketpool
+import wifi
+
+class BadRequestError(Exception):
+    """Raised when the client sends an unexpected empty line"""
+    pass
+
+_BUFFER_SIZE = 32
+buffer = bytearray(_BUFFER_SIZE)
+def readline(socketin):
+    """
+    Implement readline() for native wifi using recv_into
+    """
+    data_string = b""
+    while True:
+        try:
+            num = socketin.recv_into(buffer, 1)
+            data_string += str(buffer, 'utf8')[:num]
+            if num == 0:
+                return data_string
+            if data_string[-2:] == b"\r\n":
+                return data_string[:-2]
+        except OSError as ex:
+            # if ex.errno == 9: # [Errno 9] EBADF
+            #     return None
+            if ex.errno == 11:  # [Errno 11] EAGAIN
+                continue
+            raise
+
+
+def read(socketin,length = -1):
+    total = 0
+    data_string = b""
+    try:
+        if length > 0:
+            while total < length:
+                reste = length - total
+                num = socketin.recv_into(buffer, min(_BUFFER_SIZE, reste))
+                #
+                if num == 0:
+                    # timeout
+                    # raise OSError(110)
+                    return data_string
+                #
+                data_string += buffer[:num]
+                total = total + num
+            return data_string
+        else:
+            while True:
+                num = socketin.recv_into(buffer, 1)
+                data_string += str(buffer, 'utf8')[:num]
+                if num == 0:
+                    return data_string
+    except OSError as ex:
+        if ex.errno == 11: # [Errno 11] EAGAIN
+            return data_string
+        raise
+
+def parse_headers(sock):
+    """
+    Parses the header portion of an HTTP request/response from the socket.
+    Expects first line of HTTP request/response to have been read already
+    return: header dictionary
+    rtype: Dict
+    """
+    headers = {}
+    while True:
+        line = readline(sock)
+        if not line or line == b"\r\n":
+            break
+
+        #print("**line: ", line)
+        title, content = line.split(b': ', 1)
+        if title and content:
+            title = str(title.lower(), 'utf-8')
+            content = str(content, 'utf-8')
+            headers[title] = content
+    return headers
+
+
+pool = socketpool.SocketPool(wifi.radio)
+
+NO_SOCK_AVAIL = const(255)
+
+# pylint: disable=invalid-name
+class WSGIServer:
+    """
+    A simple server that implements the WSGI interface
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, port=80, debug=False, application=None):
+        self.application = application
+        self.port = port
+        self._server_sock = None
+        self._client_sock = None
+        self._debug = debug
+
+        self._response_status = None
+        self._response_headers = []
+
+    def start(self):
+        """
+        starts the server and begins listening for incoming connections.
+        Call update_poll in the main loop for the application callable to be
+        invoked on receiving an incoming request.
+        """
+        self._server_sock = pool.socket(pool.AF_INET,pool.SOCK_STREAM)
+        HOST = repr(wifi.radio.ipv4_address_ap)
+        self._server_sock.bind((repr(wifi.radio.ipv4_address_ap), self.port))
+        self._server_sock.listen(1)
+#         if self._debug:
+#             ip = _the_interface.pretty_ip(_the_interface.ip_address)
+#             print("Server available at {0}:{1}".format(ip, self.port))
+#             print(
+#                 "Sever status: ",
+#                 _the_interface.get_server_state(self._server_sock.socknum),
+#             )
+
+    def pretty_ip(self):
+        return f"http://{wifi.radio.ipv4_address_ap}:{self.port}"
+
+    def update_poll(self):
+        """
+        Call this method inside your main event loop to get the server
+        check for new incoming client requests. When a request comes in,
+        the application callable will be invoked.
+        """
+        self.client_available()
+        if self._client_sock:
+            try:
+                environ = self._get_environ(self._client_sock)
+                result = self.application(environ, self._start_response)
+                self.finish_response(result)
+            except BadRequestError:
+                self._start_response("400 Bad Request", [])
+                self.finish_response([])
+
+    def finish_response(self, result):
+        """
+        Called after the application callbile returns result data to respond with.
+        Creates the HTTP Response payload from the response_headers and results data,
+        and sends it back to client.
+
+        :param string result: the data string to send back in the response to the client.
+        """
+        try:
+            response = "HTTP/1.1 {0}\r\n".format(self._response_status)
+            for header in self._response_headers:
+                response += "{0}: {1}\r\n".format(*header)
+            response += "\r\n"
+            self._client_sock.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
+            for data in result:
+                if isinstance(data, str):
+                    data = data.encode("utf-8")
+                elif not isinstance(data, bytes):
+                    data = str(data).encode("utf-8")
+                bytes_sent = 0
+                while bytes_sent < len(data):
+                    try:
+                        bytes_sent += self._client_sock.send(data[bytes_sent:])
+                    except OSError as ex:
+                        if ex.errno != 11:  # [Errno 11] EAGAIN
+                            raise
+            gc.collect()
+        except OSError as ex:
+            if ex.errno != 104:  # [Errno 104] ECONNRESET
+                raise
+        finally:
+            #print("closing")
+            self._client_sock.close()
+            self._client_sock = None
+
+    def client_available(self):
+        """
+        returns a client socket connection if available.
+        Otherwise, returns None
+        :return: the client
+        :rtype: Socket
+        """
+        sock = None
+        if not self._server_sock:
+            print("Server has not been started, cannot check for clients!")
+        elif not self._client_sock:
+            self._server_sock.setblocking(False)
+            try:
+                self._client_sock, addr = self._server_sock.accept()
+            except OSError as ex:
+                if ex.errno != 11:  # [Errno 11] EAGAIN
+                    raise
+
+        return None
+
+    def _start_response(self, status, response_headers):
+        """
+        The application callable will be given this method as the second param
+        This is to be called before the application callable returns, to signify
+        the response can be started with the given status and headers.
+
+        :param string status: a status string including the code and reason. ex: "200 OK"
+        :param list response_headers: a list of tuples to represent the headers.
+            ex ("header-name", "header value")
+        """
+        self._response_status = status
+        self._response_headers = [("Server", "esp32WSGIServer")] + response_headers
+
+    def _get_environ(self, client):
+        """
+        The application callable will be given the resulting environ dictionary.
+        It contains metadata about the incoming request and the request body ("wsgi.input")
+
+        :param Socket client: socket to read the request from
+        """
+        env = {}
+        line = readline(client).decode("utf-8")
+        try:
+            (method, path, ver) = line.rstrip("\r\n").split(None, 2)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise BadRequestError("Unknown request from client.")
+
+        env["wsgi.version"] = (1, 0)
+        env["wsgi.url_scheme"] = "http"
+        env["wsgi.multithread"] = False
+        env["wsgi.multiprocess"] = False
+        env["wsgi.run_once"] = False
+
+        env["REQUEST_METHOD"] = method
+        env["SCRIPT_NAME"] = ""
+        env["SERVER_NAME"] = str(wifi.radio.ipv4_address_ap)
+        env["SERVER_PROTOCOL"] = ver
+        env["SERVER_PORT"] = self.port
+        if path.find("?") >= 0:
+            env["PATH_INFO"] = path.split("?")[0]
+            env["QUERY_STRING"] = path.split("?")[1]
+        else:
+            env["PATH_INFO"] = path
+
+        headers = parse_headers(client)
+        if "content-type" in headers:
+            env["CONTENT_TYPE"] = headers.get("content-type")
+        if "content-length" in headers:
+            env["CONTENT_LENGTH"] = headers.get("content-length")
+            body = read(client, int(env["CONTENT_LENGTH"]))
+            env["wsgi.input"] = io.StringIO(body)
+        else:
+            body = read(client)
+            env["wsgi.input"] = io.StringIO(body)
+        for name, value in headers.items():
+            key = "HTTP_" + name.replace("-", "_").upper()
+            if key in env:
+                value = "{0},{1}".format(env[key], value)
+            env[key] = value
+
+        return env